Symptoms of alienation, loss of speech, fear, anorexia, disturbed sleep and many others are classified under the bold title of hysteria. These violations lead to psychological traumas which can eventually give rise to hysteria.
Many of those female characters suffer hysteric symptoms which manifest as a consequence of sexual violations such as rape, molestation and female circumcision in patriarchal-centered communities.
Hysteria is one of the main problems inhabiting the female characters of El Saadawi's fiction. Moreover, ethnic minority women who are raped often go abroad to remove traces because they feel ashamed and traumatized by being raped.Ī well-known Middle Eastern author, Nawal El Saadawi shouldered the grave responsibility of defending the rights of women in her country and the Middle East in general. It happened because of a profound traumatic experience. This was shown through Humaira, the novel’s character, who experienced a phase of trauma, a phase of madness, and a phase of suicide due to rape. The results show that ethnic Chinese women in Indonesia who experienced rape undergo trauma, impacting their psychological conditions. The data analysis technique was carried out through stages that identified literary texts related to women's oppression from ethnic minorities clarification of literary texts related to the oppression of women from ethnic minorities data exposure and data validation. The data source used was a novel titled Mei Merah (MM). The research method used was qualitative-narrative. This study explores oppression and trauma to ethnic Chinese minority women in Indonesia who experienced rape on the tragedy through literary data.
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