Or, it can be understood in Plato’s Republic, where the ends of that whole theory of the ideal state describes “the arete of the state.” Or, it can be understood in terms of the Greatest Happiness theory, where the First Principle of moral philosophy in its “perfect” form is the arete of moral principles. Or it can be understood as virtue theory, where the highest virtue is the arete of virtues (which can be called “ true justice“). This can be understood well via Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and Theory of the Forms, where the true forms are the arete of the forms. It refers to an innate “Excellence” or “ Essence” in all things, and the striving toward that potential or purpose. The arete of a man is different from the arete of a horse, and they are both different than the arete of an apple, or the arete of a nation-state.
The meaning of arete changes depending on what it describes, as everything has its own particular arete, “essence,” “excellence,” or “Highest Good.” We explain arete, a philosophical term with deep meaning first used by Greeks.
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